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Space Station freedom the next step in

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our continuing effort to explore beyond

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Earth's boundaries as we establish a

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permanent presence in space new medical

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challenges will have to be met with

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longer missions larger crews and the

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complexities of a medical rescue the

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health of freedoms international crew

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will be essential for the success of

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the crew health care system or checks is

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currently being designed and developed

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distributed throughout the space station

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this system will provide the total

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spectrum of crew health care with three

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distinct but interconnected components

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the exercise countermeasures facility

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the environmental health system and the

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air and water two of the most important

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elements for human survival on earth as

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well as in space Space Station freedom

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will provide crew members with the

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opportunity to live and work in space

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for extended periods of time but how

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will we ensure the quality of the

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environment there how will air and water

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be kept clean for human consumption now

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and 30 years from now these are some of

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the questions that the environmental

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health system or EHS is seeking to

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answer here to explain more on EHS is

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dane russo PhD project manager of the

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environmental health system a unique and

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versatile concept the Space Station

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freedom will determine what we do in

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space and how we do it its diversity is

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reflected in its design which includes

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pressurized living quarters and

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laboratories maintenance of a safe and

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habitable environment will be a

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significant challenge space stations air

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and water will be recycled in a

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closed-loop environmental control system

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and such a system all of the elements of

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the internal environment are linked

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together EHS scientists and engineers

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are working together to develop new

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techniques for monitoring contaminants

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and the internal environment thus

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working together to help make the space

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station freedom a safe place to live and

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the laboratory module will provide the

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space station with facilities for life

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sciences and materials processing

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research development and testing these

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types of operations while important for

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the commercial and scientific success of

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the station carry with them the inherent

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risk of contamination of the space

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stations internal environment a chemical

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spill or leak or even the common flu

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guards could present a potential hazard

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appropriate crew and ground response

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will require the capability to monitor

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detect and identify space station

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internal contaminants one area of

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concern is water quality on shuttle

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flights water systems are serviced after

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every flight the goal for freedom is to

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minimize resupply needs through water

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Limited earth-based experience with lot

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of reclamation means that new water

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quality standards will have to be

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established for freedom the EHS water

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quality subsystem will set these

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standards and provide instrumentation

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for monitoring the quality of freedoms

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water an experiment being examined is

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the efficiency of iodine for controlling

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biofilm formation biofilm is a

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combination of microorganisms and their

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extracellular products that can build up

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on the inside of water systems and

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decrease the effectiveness of

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disinfectants in this experiment

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untreated and iodine ated water is

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recirculated with samples taken for

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preliminary results have shown that

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iodine disinfects the water effectively

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microbiology is another EHS subsystem

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many factors including in flight crew

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exchanges and long tours of crew duty

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increase the possible risk of infectious

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disease and contribute to the need for

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onboard microbial analysis methods to

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identify microbial contaminants must be

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developed which are compatible with

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freedom size and weight constraints one

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instrument the vitek automated

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microbiology system has been

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miniaturized for use on the space

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station the vitek system utilizes the

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same technology used in many hospitals

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for the purpose of identifying bacteria

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and determining appropriate medical

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treatment it can help determine the

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cause of an infectious disease or

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identify a microorganism involved in

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environmental contamination by matching

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patterns of known my

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for organisms against those produced by

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the specimen the EHS toxicology

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subsystem is developing a suite of

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instrumentation for the detection of

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chemical and particulate contamination

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in the atmosphere of Space Station

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freedom the goal of this subsystem is to

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make these units operate independently

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and notify the crew only if there is a

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problem these instruments will monitor

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the air for possible contaminants giving

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in-depth information within an hour

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research in the field of radiation is

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another area of study under EHS a group

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of instruments including the current

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firma luminescent dosimeter zeeeee or

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tlds will be used to assess the

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biological impact of radiation until

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recently the technology used the tlds

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measured only the average dosage

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acquired during flight a new EHS

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instrument the charged particle

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directional spectrometer consists of

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sensors that electronically register the

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quality or type of radiation as it

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occurs charged particles enter the

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spectrometer depending on the level of

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penetration through the sensors

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scientists can determine the mass charge

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and velocity of the particle this

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understanding will provide the necessary

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groundwork for future long-duration

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missions as we continue our exploration

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of the solar system it's because of

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NASA's concern about maintaining a safe

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crew environment that we have begun

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development of the space station

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Environmental Health System the EHS will

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provide the program with two essential

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products a suite of flight hardware for

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monitoring the space station's internal

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and

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personnel to assist with environmental

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planning and to help make environmental

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health assessments once the station

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becomes operational as an integral part

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of the crew health care system EHS the

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environmental health system will provide

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essential technology for maintaining a